Draft Objective One: Center Vermont Conservation Design

Pathway 1: Expand Ecological Representation

This pathway is focused on increasing conservation across all nine biophysical regions, and places additional focus on the six under-represented biophysical regions, ensuring that these places and their biodiversity will be conserved.

Vision: This pathway will advance most if not all of the elements of the Act 59 vision to promote: an ecologically functional landscape, biodiversity, landscape connectivity, watershed health, climate resilience, working farms and forests and opportunities for recreation and appreciation of the natural world.

Goals: This pathway will advance the 2030 and 2050 goals of Act 59 by conserving a mix of ERAs, BCAs and NRMAs as guided by VCD.

Equity Considerations: Conserving land in underrepresented biophysical regions will increase access to conserved lands for residents in regions with less access to such lands for recreation and appreciation of the natural world.

Work under this pathway supports and is supported by the Forest Future Roadmap, Forest Action Plan, Wildlife Action Plan, Move Forward Together Vermont, Climate Action Plan, Forest Legacy Program Assessment of Need.

Actions to Expand Ecological Representation

Pathway 1 Action 1: Increase Conservation Across All Biophysical Regions. Permanently conserve more land in the Champlain Valley, Champlain Hills, Taconic Mountains, Vermont Valley, Northern Piedmont, and Southern Piedmont biophysical regions.

  1. VHCB will review its Natural Areas Funding Policy and Privately Owned Working Forests Policy to consider how it can better prioritize and target funds to projects in specific, under-represented biophysical regions. This review will include how to enhance the capacity of organizations working in underrepresented regions in order to facilitate increased project development.
  2. Update the Forest Legacy Area, the area designated for Forest Legacy Program investments, to better center around Vermont Conservation Design. Lead Implementor: FPR
  3. Continue to expand its technical assistance about Vermont Conservation Design to assist land protection organizations and help them identify priority locations. Lead Implementor: VFWD

Pathway 1 Action 2: Increase and Optimize Funding Through VHCB for Projects in Underrepresented Biophysical Regions. VHCB will provide funding and support that are commensurate with the land values and project costs in these fragmented, parcelized, and highly-developed regions.

  1. Conservation funders and partners across Vermont’s conservation community will explore how to expand and align funding for natural areas and working forests. This includes ensuring adequate support for the higher project costs incurred by land trusts and state agencies advancing priority projects in underrepresented regions. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. Prioritize conservation quality and strategic location within 30×30. Achieving the ecological goals of Vermont Conservation Design within the 30×30 framework requires a commitment to not only the quantity of land conserved, but also its quality and strategic location. This requires prioritizing investments in underrepresented biophysical regions where land values and project costs are higher and conservation outcomes are critical, even if this results in slower progress toward acreage targets. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR

Pathway 1 Action 3: Continue to Protect Strategic Parcels to Expand Connected Networks. Prioritize strategic, focused conservation investments in the Northern Green Mountains, Southern Green Mountains, and Northeastern Highlands biophysical regions.

  1. VHCB will review its Natural Areas Funding Policy and Privately Owned Working Forest Policy to consider how it can better prioritize projects that: are exceptionally large; expand and/or connect existing conserved lands; protect underrepresented natural communities or habitat types, (such as grasslands and old forests); make substantial contributions to protecting aquatic systems and/or ecological connectivity. This review will include how to enhance the capacity of partner organizations capable of developing projects that meet these criteria.
  1. Private owners of forestlands and agricultural lands, land trusts, conservation organizations, environmental organizations, working lands enterprises, outdoor recreation groups and businesses, Indigenous groups and representatives from historically marginalized and disadvantaged communities, watershed groups, municipalities, regional planning commissions, conservation commissions, and relevant State and federal agencies.

Pathway 2: Protect Connectivity Corridors

This pathway identifies ways to protect landscape-scale corridors within Vermont’s regional connectivity network that are conservation priorities, promote overall forest health and function, and keep corridors connected. This pathway identifies a subset of places most in need for permanent land conservation, but the entire connectivity network is needed for ecological function.

Vision: This pathway will advance the elements of the Act 59 vision to promote: an ecologically functional landscape, biodiversity, landscape connectivity, watershed health, climate resilience, working farms and forests and opportunities for recreation and appreciation of the natural world.

Goals: This pathway will advance the 2030 and 2050 goals through the conservation of a mix of ERAs, BCAs and NRMAs guided by VCD.

Equity Considerations: Protecting landscape-scale ecological connectivity helps ensure robust and healthy populations of plants and animals throughout the state, to the benefit of all the people of Vermont.

Work under this pathway supports and is supported by the Forest Future Roadmap, Forest Action Plan, Wildlife Action Plan, Move Forward Together Vermont, Climate Action Plan, Forest Legacy Program Assessment of Need.

Actions to Protect Connectivity Corridors

Pathway 2 Action 1: Conserve more land within the ten Connectivity Focus Areas that are part of Vermont’s regional connectivity network. These ten focus areas are identified in the report, Implementing Vermont Conservation Design: Priorities for Using Permanent Land Protection to Maintain an Ecologically Functional Landscape (March 2025).

  1. Promote collaboration across organizations through its involvement in the Staying Connected Initiative to develop a shared sense of community and place associated with each of the ten focus areas. Use the successful models of the Shutesville Hill Wildlife Corridor and Reconnecting the Greens – Mansfield to Camels Hump Wildlife Corridor. Lead Implementer: ANR
  2. VHCB will review its Natural Areas Funding Policy and Privately Owned Working Forests Policy to consider how it can better prioritize and target funds to projects within the Highest Priority Connectivity blocks, with a particular emphasis on the ten connectivity focus areas. This review will include how to enhance the capacity of partner organizations capable of developing projects that meet these criteria.
  3. VHCB will review funding match requirements to be applied in those instances in which organizations have a formal agreement to work collaboratively on a conservation focus area.
  4. Coordinate with partner agencies and organizations in neighboring states and Canadian provinces, to ensure a regionally connected network of lands and waters. Lead Implementor: ANR

Pathway 2 Action 2: Manage and upgrade roads and other transportation infrastructure (bridges, culverts, etc.) to allow for wildlife passage, especially in areas that complement permanent land conservation.

  1. Collaborate with VTrans to implement appropriate sizing of the 1,285 structures identified in the Wildlife Transportation Action Plan. Lead Implementor: VFWD
  2. VHCB will review its Natural Area Funding Policy and Privately Owned Working Forest Policy to consider how to better prioritize funding for conservation projects along road segments that have structures identified in the Wildlife Transportation Action Plan. This review will include how to enhance the capacity of organizations working to develop conservation projects along these road segments.

Pathway 2 Action 3: Encourage municipal and regional land use planning that supports ecological connectivity to help ensure the larger landscape benefits wildlife and strengthens regional land conservation efforts.

  1. Continue to provide technical assistance about Vermont Conservation Design to regional and municipal planning efforts. Support funding for connecting science to communities. Lead Implementor: VFWD
  2. Support financial and human capacity within municipalities to strengthen land use planning and regulation. Lead Implementor: TBD
  3. Maintain the BioFinder website as the authoritative source for data and maps of Vermont Conservation Design. Lead Implementor: VFWD

The Staying Connected Initiative’s Vermont Chapter is the key umbrella for coordinating connectivity conservation. The chapter includes land trusts, conservation organizations, environmental organizations, regional planning commissions, and state and federal agencies. The collaborative is open and inclusive to all groups interested in promoting and contributing to ecological connectivity. Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department and The Nature Conservancy play a key role in convening and facilitating this group’s work. On the ground conservation of connectivity corridors also includes individual landowners, watershed groups, municipalities, and conservation commissions.

Pathway 3: Improve Forest Structure

This pathway addresses the current underrepresentation of certain biophysical regions and associated forest types in Ecological Reserve Areas. It also aims to identify strategic locations for establishing Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management Areas. Actions taken under this pathway will improve representation of both old and young forests as well as the complexity and diversity of forest structure across the landscape.

Vision: This pathway will advance the elements of the Act 59 vision to promote: an ecologically functional landscape, biodiversity, landscape connectivity, watershed health, climate resilience, working farms and forests and opportunities for recreation and appreciation of the natural world.

Goals: This pathway will move Vermont towards the goal of 30×30 and 50×50 through a mix of ERAs, BCAs and NRMAs guided by VCD.

Equity Consideration: Conserving land in underrepresented biophysical regions will increase proximity and access to conserved lands for residents of those regions.

Work under this pathway supports and is supported by the Forest Future Roadmap, Forest Action Plan, Wildlife Action Plan, Move Forward Together Vermont, Climate Action Plan, Forest Legacy Program Assessment of Need.

Actions to Improve Forest Structure

Pathway 3 Action 1: Improve representation of future old forests by strategically establishing Ecological Reserve Areas in biophysical regions outside the Northern and Southern Green Mountains.

  1. Prioritize the establishment of new ecological reserves in the Champlain Valley, Champlain Hills, Taconic Mountains, Vermont Valley, Northeastern Highlands, Northern Piedmont, and Southern Piedmont biophysical regions, to contribute to the old forest targets and the ecological representation goals outlined in Vermont Conservation Design. Representing all widespread forest types in ecological reserves will require new land conservation, not just the reclassification of existing conserved lands. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR
  2. Implement the recommendations from the Act 59 State Lands Working Group of statutory and administrative designations for ecological reserves, and apply them using landscape-scale conservation science and ANR’s LRMP and public input process. Lead Implementor: ANR
  3. Continue to develop and refine scientific analyses and tools that will help inform the appropriate locations for establishing ecological reserves on public lands, non-profit conservation lands, and private lands easements. Lead Implementor: ANR
  4. Ensure landowners are aware of their options for enrollment in UVA categories that promote old forest characteristics, including the Reserve Forestland Category and Ecologically Significant Treatment Areas (ESTAs). Explore opportunities to broaden enrollment in these categories, and to incentivize mapping and management of ESTAs. Lead Implementor: ANR

Pathway 3 Action 2: Manage for a balance of forest structure, including young and old forests, in Biodiversity Conservation Areas and Natural Resource Management Areas.

  1. Encourage both passive and active management practices that enhance the development of young and old forest structure. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR
  2. Collaborate on shared messaging from both public land managers and non-profit conservation organizations about the values of multiple forest management strategies, and the biodiversity values of both old and young forests. Lead Implementor: ANR
  3. Support the forest economy to help maintain forests as forest, and to offer landowners commercial opportunities for conducting active management and restoration of both old and young forest structure. Lead Implementor: FPR

Private owners of forestlands and agricultural lands, land trusts, conservation organizations, environmental organizations, working lands enterprises, outdoor recreation groups and businesses, Indigenous groups and representatives from historically marginalized and disadvantaged communities, watershed groups, municipalities, regional planning commissions, conservation commissions, and relevant State and federal agencies.

Pathway 4: Support Aquatic Systems

This pathway identifies the actions needed to steward, manage, and restore riparian areas and aquatic systems on both new and existing conserved lands.

Vision: This pathway will advance the elements of the Act 59 vision to promote: an ecologically functional landscape, biodiversity, landscape connectivity, watershed health, climate resilience, working farms and forests and opportunities for recreation and appreciation of the natural world.

Goals: This pathway will advance the goals of Act 59 by moving Vermont towards the goal of 30×30 and 50×50 through a mix of ERAs, BCAs and NRMAs guided by VCD and enhance the State of Vermont’s current investments and commitments to the broad conservation mission implemented by the Secretary and VHCB, including conservation of agricultural lands, working forests, historic properties, recreational lands, and surface waters.

Equity Considerations: Equity in aquatic systems work means prioritizing protection and restoration in communities facing the greatest risks from flooding and drought, drinking-water vulnerabilities, and lack of safe access to rivers and lakes for cooling and recreation. Use environmental justice and health/vulnerability mapping to target high-need places and fund projects with clear outcomes (flood mitigation, source-water protection, water quality, and public access), paired with community support so impacted communities help set priorities; where floodplain buyouts occur, pair them with relocation/housing supports and permanently protect vacated lands for durable river-corridor and floodplain function.

Work under this pathway supports and is supported by the Forest Future Roadmap, Forest Action Plan, Wildlife Action Plan, Move Forward Together Vermont, Climate Action Plan, Forest Legacy Program Assessment of Need, Act 76 programs, Tactical Basin Planning, and TMDL Implementation.

Actions to Support Aquatic Systems

Pathway 4 Action 1: Enhance the protection, stewardship, and restoration of riparian areas and aquatic systems on both new and existing conserved lands.

  1. Continue to encourage conservation easements to have specific language protecting aquatic and riparian resources. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. VHCB will review its Funding of Agricultural Land Policy and Option to Purchase at Agricultural Value Acquisition Policy to consider how it can better facilitate the maintenance and/or establishment of appropriately sized vegetated riparian areas to protect water resources on farms, including wetlands, perennial streams, intermittent streams and other surface water conveyances through additional incentives and technical assistance at the time of conservation.
  3. Update the surface waters and riparian areas layer of Vermont Conservation Design to incorporate the most recent, high-resolution data associated with these features. Better mapping will help conservation organizations set priorities. Lead Implementor: ANR

Pathway 4 Action 2: Expand funding available for the stewardship, management, and restoration of riparian areas and aquatic systems, both for new and existing conserved lands.

  1. Explore the establishment of a funding target and pilot program to protect and restore, where necessary, appropriately sized vegetated riparian areas and wetland areas and associated buffers on already conserved farms. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. Explore expanding the focus of clean water protection funding programs beyond phosphorus reduction to include other freshwater and flood resilience benefits. Lead Implementor: TBD
  3. Explore the establishment of a funding target and pilot program to fund implementation of priority floodplain restoration projects identified in Tactical Basin Plans to advance clean water and flood resilience objectives, including protection of downtowns, village centers and critical infrastructure. Lead Implementor: VHCB

The actions included in this pathway will involve collaboration with the key stakeholders named in the law which includes private owners of forestlands and agricultural lands, land trusts, conservation organizations, environmental organizations, working lands enterprises, outdoor recreation groups and businesses, Indigenous groups and representatives from historically marginalized and disadvantaged communities, watershed groups, municipalities, regional planning commissions, conservation commissions, and relevant State and federal agencies.

Pathway 5: Protect Rare and Significant Ecological Features

This pathway highlights the need to enhance and increase the protection of rare and uncommon species, significant natural communities, and the important habitats of Vermont Conservation Design.

Vision: This pathway will advance the elements of the Act 59 vision to promote: an ecologically functional landscape, biodiversity, landscape connectivity, watershed health, climate resilience, working farms and forests and opportunities for recreation and appreciation of the natural world.

Goals: This pathway will advance the goals of Act 59 by moving Vermont towards the goal of 30×30 and 50×50 through a mix of ERAs, BCAs and NRMAs guided by VCD.

Work under this pathway supports and is supported by the Wildlife Action Plan, and Vermont’s Threatened and Endangered Species statute.

Actions to Protect Rare and Significant Ecological Features

Pathway 5 Action 1: Make inventory and protection of rare species, significant natural communities, and important habitats a standard part of the conservation process.

  1. VHCB will continue to make feasibility funds available for the completion of ecological inventories. A field inventory of significant ecological features should be a standard due diligence practice.
  2. Address the conservation of rare species, significant natural communities, and important habitats when funding new conservation projects. Encourage the use of Special Treatment Areas in conservation easements, which may be considered Ecological Reserve Areas and Biodiversity Conservation Areas, to protect rare and important features where feasible and appropriate. Formalize protection for significant ecological features where they occur on already conserved lands. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  3. Support efforts to inventory significant ecological features on both already conserved lands, and private lands that are not conserved. Lead Implementor: VHCB

Pathway 5 Action 2: Use flexible funding strategies to conserve rare species, significant natural communities, and important habitats.

  1. Encourage and consider natural area projects that bundle parcels based on resource type (e.g. rare species populations) rather than just locational proximity to provide funding applicants with an opportunity to leverage match and more effectively and efficiently realize conservation benefits at this scale.  Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. Develop a list of funding sources tied to rare, threatened, and endangered species (i.e. Section 6 funds, Recovery Land Acquisition Grants and make it available to conservation organizations to encourage more use of these funds in permanent conservation. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  3. Enhance funding and support for stewardship and management of conserved lands with rare and important features. Lead Implementor: VHCB

The actions included in this pathways will involve collaboration with the key stakeholders named in the law which includes private owners of forestlands and agricultural lands, land trusts, conservation organizations, environmental organizations, working lands enterprises, outdoor recreation groups and businesses, Indigenous groups and representatives from historically marginalized and disadvantaged communities, watershed groups, municipalities, regional planning commissions, conservation commissions, and relevant State and federal agencies.