Draft Objective Three: Strengthen Conservation Capacity

Pathway 1: Increase and Optimize Funding and Financing

This pathway proposes how to make strategic investments that will address critical capacity gaps in Vermont’s conservation network to advance the land protection, stewardship, and community resilience investments and innovations needed to implement Act 59. Continuing and new investments in public and nonprofit partners are needed to move high-priority projects forward as well as ensure that conserved lands can be managed over time.

Vision and Goals: This pathway identifies the funding, capacity, and collaborative structures needed to advance the conservation and long-term stewardship of lands that support biodiversity, climate resilience, working lands, and community access, and to enable progress toward Act 59’s 2030 and 2050 conservation goals.

Equity Considerations: How we increase and target funding will shape who is able to participate in Act 59 implementation. Capacity building and funding investments in under-resourced geographies and organizations helps distribute conservation resources more equitably, so that smaller communities, emerging partners, and groups led by or serving historically underserved Vermonters can participate alongside established organizations and agencies.

Actions to Increase and Optimize Funding and Financing

Pathway 1 Action 1: Strengthen statewide infrastructure and capacity for conservation, stewardship, restoration, and enhancement. Make strategic statewide investments that enable Act 59 implementation at scale, including core state capacity, stable funding, and shared tools.

  1. Identify and address critical capacity gaps. Conduct a capacity analysis at statewide, regional and local level to identify capacity and funding gaps and evaluate existing and new funding mechanisms to support land conservation, stewardship, restoration and enhancement. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR
  2. Increase funding at ANR for implementation of Act 59. Strengthened, stable funding for ANR, especially the Departments of Forests, Parks & Recreation and Fish & Wildlife, is essential for long-range management planning, habitat restoration, and resilient state lands infrastructure, as well as tracking progress toward Act 59’s goals.
  3. Increase state investment in the VHCB conservation mission. Additional appropriations are needed at VHCB to ensure sufficient resources can be allocated to VHCB and its partners and grantees to support Act 59 implementation. This investment should also include dedicated funding and capacity for the Land Access and Opportunity Board (LAOB) to support community-led participation in conservation planning and decision-making, and to help ensure that the benefits of conservation—access, ownership opportunities, and stewardship investments—are more equitably shared and begin to address long-standing inequities across Vermont.

Pathway 1 Action 2: Build capacity and expand funding opportunities for communities and partner organizations across Vermont’s conservation landscape.

  1. Attract Increased Support from Federal and Philanthropic Partners for Implementation of Act 59. Based on the capacity gap analysis conducted above: Identify new and enhance existing funding and financing mechanisms to support the work of Vermont’s regional, municipal and non-profit conservation network. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR
  2. Maximize Efficiency. Evaluate and improve the efficiency and coordination of Vermont’s conservation delivery system by investing in efforts to update and innovate policies, guidelines, programs and to develop shared tools and data. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  3. Build Local and Regional Conservation Organization Capacity. Expand technical assistance for local land trusts and regional conservation organizations to support Land Trust Alliance accreditation and strengthen organizational and business practices. This will help organizations scale their work within their service areas, including work on locally specific priorities that can be difficult for statewide partners to take on consistently. Lead Implementor: VHCB

Pathway 2: Expand the Support System for Conservation in Vermont

This pathway identifies strategies and investments that will grow the support system of practitioners, natural resources management contractors, and community leaders needed to support conservation efforts into the future.

Vision and Goals: This pathway supports outcomes under the Vision and Goals by strengthening the network of practitioners, contractors, and community leaders who work with VHCB, ANR, and other partners to identify, plan, and implement conservation actions. By building this “backbone” of support, Vermont will be better able to conserve and steward lands that advance biodiversity, climate resilience, working lands, and community access.

Equity Considerations: This pathway has major implications for who holds power, resources, and voice in Vermont’s conservation system. If capacity-building, technical assistance, and workforce investments flow only to well-established organizations, it risks reinforcing existing imbalances in which larger, well-resourced institutions benefit most from public funding. To advance equity, this pathway should intentionally expand support to a wider range of conservation and community partners.

Actions to Expand the Support System for Conservation in Vermont

Pathway 2 Action 1: Strengthen technical assistance, data access, and planning support so private landowners and landowner support groups can make informed decisions that advance Act 59’s conservation, resilience, and working lands goals.

  1. Strengthen landowner outreach and technical support systems. Map the existing outreach and technical support system, identify geographic and topical gaps (e.g., succession, climate resilience, biodiversity planning), and highlight opportunities to better coordinate and fill those gaps. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. Make technical assistance and data tools accessible to under-resourced landowners. Ensure technical assistance, outreach, and mapping tools reach historically underserved Vermonters. This includes plain-language and multilingual materials, low-bandwidth and offline options where possible, and targeted outreach through trusted local partners so that support does not flow only to the best-resourced landowners and communities. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR

Pathway 2 Action 2: Develop a Skilled, Diverse Conservation Workforce and Volunteer Steward Network. Build the next generation of conservation professionals and community stewards by expanding training, education, and service opportunities that reflect the diversity of Vermont’s people and landscapes.

  1. Support professional training for conservation-support professions. Establish trainings and professional development for lawyers, surveyors, appraisers, ecologists, and foresters who support conservation and stewardship as part of their professional work. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. Expand community-led volunteer stewardship programs. Increase opportunities to train community volunteers to increase stewardship and restoration of conserved lands in local communities. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  3. Strengthen and expand municipal conservation commissions. Identify and pursue stable funding streams to resource Regional Planning Commissions and/or Vermont League of Cities and Towns, in coordination with AVCC and ANR, to provide technical assistance, resource-sharing, and scientific translation support to conservation commissions statewide. Help municipalities establish or reinvigorate conservation commissions under 24 V.S.A. ch. 118. Provide accessible training, onboarding materials, and peer support for commission members, and offer targeted technical assistance to help commissions carry out local inventories, stewardship projects, public outreach, and conservation-related planning support. Lead Implementor: VHCB, ANR, AVCC, RPCs, VLCT

Pathway 3: Innovate New Programs and Practices

This pathway will innovate programs and practices to efficiently increase the pace, quality and impact of conservation investments to expand Vermont’s ability to meet the Act 59 goals and vision, as well as uplifting complementary initiatives.

Vision and Goals: This pathway strengthens Vermont’s ability to adapt its conservation system as ecological, economic and social conditions change. By piloting and refining new funding mechanisms, decision-support tools, and partnership models, it creates a way to learn from results and update priorities and practices in response to evolving community needs. In doing so, it helps keep Act 59’s vision and goals alive over time, so that our strategies for biodiversity, climate resilience, working lands, and community well-being can adapt to a changing future.

Equity Considerations: This pathway should prioritize designs that lower administrative barriers, broaden eligibility, and intentionally include under-resourced organizations and historically underserved communities in co-creating new tools and pilots. Doing so helps ensure that increased efficiency and capacity translate into more equitable access to funding, technical support, and decision-making power across Vermont’s conservation landscape.

Actions to Innovate New Programs and Practices

Pathway 3 Action 1: 1. Innovate existing and new programs and practices that accelerate and diversify land conservation.

  1. Create simplified easement options for community partners. Develop simplified easement for small NGOs, municipal bodies like conservation commissions, regional conservation districts and other community organizations that can be stewarded with more limited capacity when combined with education, feasibility funding, and other supports. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  2. Standardize funding for stewardship and project development. Evaluate and refine its internal policies to establish a consistent approach to fund conservation stewardship and project development costs at the statewide, regional and local levels. Lead Implementor: VHCB
  3. Unlock capacity through program and policy innovation. Explore innovations that will unlock capacity for conservation outcomes, increased funding for ANR’s CWSP and Enhancement Grant programs, and new collaborations with Federal partners like USFS, USFWS and USDA. Lead Implementor: VHCB & ANR
  4. Establish a Conservation Innovation Fund. Create an innovation fund to pilot and evaluate new approaches that address key barriers to conservation—such as affordability, efficiency, and engaging new demographics—and scale up successful models. Lead Implementor: VHCB

Pathway 3 Action 2: Improve efficiency and capacity in land stewardship and administration.

  1. Establish a VHCB Stewardship Endowment. VHCB will establish a stewardship endowment for perpetual stewardship of conserved lands owned by the State of Vermont, municipalities and/or non-profit organizations.
  2. Right-size oversight and streamline shared stewardship. VHCB will work with municipal and NGO partners to review current stewardship and administrative requirements, identify and eliminate duplicative or low-value oversight, and design protections that are fit-for-purpose—strong enough to safeguard conserved values, but flexible and nimble enough to support timely, on-the-ground decision-making.
  3. Streamline state land management planning. ANR will complete rulemaking to streamline the Long-Range Management Plan (LRMP) process to increase the number of acres of public land guided by an LRMP—while maintaining strong public input and ecological safeguards.
  4. Explore the creation of a Vermont Green Bank and whether it could further the vision and goals of Act 59, including land acquisition and restoration and the financing of farming and agricultural projects that deliver conservation-aligned outcomes. Agricultural projects could include supporting the transition to ecologically beneficial practices by financing enabling infrastructure that removes bottlenecks in local and regional markets, such as aggregation, storage, processing, and distribution. Lead Implementor: VHCB